Medical Pharmacology Chapter 36:  Antiviral Drugs

Previous Page Page Forward
Section Table of Contents
Site Table of Contents

Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Previous Page

Page Forward

Section Table of Contents

Site Table of Contents

References

  1. Flexner C Antiretroviral Agents and Treatment of HIV Infection, Chapter 59  in Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12th edition (Brunton LL Chabner BA Knollmann BC, eds; Brunton LL, ed; Blumenthal DK  Murri N Hilal-Dandan R, assoc eds, Knollmann BC, consulting ed, on-line edition) The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2011.

  2. Fauci AS Lane HC Chapter 226, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease:  AIDS and Related Disorders, in Harrison's Online   (Kasper DL Fauci AS Hauser SL Longo DL Jameson JL Loscalzo J, Eds.),  Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2015 (on-line edition)

  3. Longo DL Fauci AS  188, The Human Retroviruses, in Harrison's Online   (Dan L. Longo, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo, Eds.),  Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2012.

  4. Woster PM Chapter 43:  Antiviral Agents and Protease Inhibitors in Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry 6e, Lemke, TL Williams DA, eds; Roche VG Zito SW, asst eds) Wolters Kluwer|Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 1214, 2008.

  5. HIV Overview:  The HIV Life Cycle, Education Materials, AIDSinfo, NIH http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/education-materials/fact-sheets/19/73/the-hiv-life-cycle

  6. Tsibris AMN Hirsch MS Chapter 130 Antiretroviral Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8e (Bennett JE Bolin R Blaser, eds) Elsevier, Inc/Saunders 2015, online version.

  7. Safrin S Chapter 49:  Antiviral Agents:  Antiretroviral Agents in Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 13e (Katzung BG Trevor AJ, eds) 2015, online edition.

  8. HIV Overview:  The HIV Life Cycle, Education Materials, AIDSinfo, NIH http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/education-materials/fact-sheets/19/73/the-hiv-life-cycle

  9. Havlir DV Tierney C Friedland GH Pollard RB Smeaton L Sommadossi J-P Fox L Kessler H Fife KH Richman DD  Iv vivo Antagonism with Zidivudine plus Stavudine Combination Therapy. The Journal of Infectious Disease, 182(1) (July., 2000) 321-325. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10882616

  10. Gallant JE Gerondelis PZ Wainberg MA Shulman NS Haubrich RH St Clain M Lanier ER Hellmann NS Richman DD Nucleoside and nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors:  a clinical review of antiretroviral resistance.  Antiviral Therapy 8:  489-506. http://www.intmedpress.com/journals/avt/abstract.cfm?id=1027&pid=88; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14760883. (second sourced from reference 1 above)

  11. Wensing AM Calvez V Gunthard JF Johnson VA Paredes R Pillay D Shafer RW Richman DD Special Contribution:  2014 Update of the Drug Resistance Multations in HIV-1 Topics in Antivral Medicine 22(3)  June/July 2014, https://www.iasusa.org/sites/default/files/tam/22-3-642.pdf

  12. Naeger LK Margo NA Miller MD ATP-Dependent Removal of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase.  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2002, p. 2179-2184, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12069972 (second sourced from reference 1 above).

  13. Eron JJ Benoid SL Jemsek J MacArchur RD Santana J Quinn JB Kutitzkes DR Fallon MA Rubin M Treatment with Lamivudine, zidovudine, or both in HIV-positive patients with 200 to 500 CD4+ cells per cubic millimeter. The New England Journal of Medicine 333(25): 1662-1669, 1995, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7477218 . (second sourced from reference 1 above)

  14. Wainberg M Mechanisms of Nucleoside Analogue Antiretroviral Resistance, 2013 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hrd1kNmqEOs

  15. Chow DC Day LJ Shikuma CM Lipoatrophy: facial fat loss.  HIV/AIDS,  U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs:  Image Library | Lipoatrophy/Lipoaccumulation http://www.hiv.va.gov/provider/image-library/lipodystrophy.asp?post=1&slide=21

  16. LaBonte J Lebbos J Kirkpatrick nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2, 345-346 (May 2003). (Slight modification of Fig. 1) http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v2/n5/fig_tab/nrd1091_F1.html; Original figure attribution:  Kilby JM Hopkins S Venetta TM

  17. Wood BR NRTI Resistance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHNcx6zrZwc (5/9/13; published 5/29/14)

 

Disclaimer

This Web-based pharmacology and disease-based integrated teaching site is based on reference materials, that are believed reliable and consistent with standards accepted at the time of development. Possibility of human error and on-going research and development in medical sciences do not allow assurance that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete. Users should confirm the information contained herein with other sources. This site should only be considered as a teaching aid for undergraduate and graduate biomedical education and is intended only as a teaching site. Information contained here should not be used for patient management and should not be used as a substitute for consultation with practicing medical professionals. Users of this website should check the product information sheet included in the package of any drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this site is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration.  Advertisements that appear on this site are not reviewed for content accuracy and it is the responsibility of users of this website to make individual assessments concerning this information.  Medical or other information  thus obtained should not be used as a substitute for consultation with practicing medical or scientific or other professionals.