Medical Pharmacology Chapter 13:  Pain Management:  Opioids

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Opioid Effects: Degree of Tolerance Developed

High

Intermediate

Limited/None

Analgesia

Bradycardia

Miosis

Euphoria, dysphoria

 

Constipation

Mental clouding

 

Convulsions

Sedation

 

Antagonist actions

Respiratory depression

   

Antidiuresis

   

Nausea/vomiting

   

Cough suppression

   

Adapted from Figure 31-4: Way, W.L., Fields, H.L. and Way, E. L. Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists, in Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, (Katzung, B. G., ed) Appleton-Lange, 1998, p. 505.

 

Some Symptoms of Opioid Withdrawal

Rhinorrhea

Lacrimation

Chills

Hyperventilation

Muscular aches

Vomiting

Anxiety

Diarrhea

Hostility

Piloerection

Yawning

Hyperventilation

 

Opioid Drug Listing

  • Alfentanil (Alfenta)

  • Butorphanol (Stadol)

  • Codeine

  • Dezocine (Dalgan)

  • Fentanyl (Sublimaze)

  • Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

  • Levorphanol (Levo-dromoran)

  • Meperidine (Demerol)

  • Methadone (Dolophine)

  • Morphine

  • Nalbuphine

  • Oxycodone (Roxicodone)

  • Oxymorphone (Numorphan)

  • Pentazocine (Talwain)

  • Propoxyphene (Darvon)

  • Sufentanil (Sufenta)

Combinations

  • Codeine/acetaminophen

  • Codeine/aspirin

  • Propoxyphene/aspirin

  • Codone/acetaminophen

  • Oxycodone/aspirin

Antitussives

  • Codeine

  • Dextromethorphan

  • Delsym

 

 

 
 

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