Medical Pharmacology Chapter 5: Pharmacology of Adrenergic Drugs

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Epinephrine interacts mainly with this receptor type associated with the myocardium, pacemaker and conducting tissues.
1. β₁
2. β₂
3. β₃
4. α
Epinephrine increases the slope of phase 4 depolarization, thus increasing heart rate.
1. True
2. False
Epinephrine effect(s) on myocardial systole
1. Systole is shorter.
2. Systole exhibits increased contractility (more power)
3. Cardiac output is increased
4. Cardiac efficiency, described as work performed relative to oxygen consumed, is reduced..
5. A & B
6. B & C
7. A & C
8. A, B & C
9. A, B, C & E (all responses are correct)
Associated with higher doses of epinephrine administered:
1. Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
2. Serious ventricular arrhythmias
3. Both
4. Neither
Consequence(s) of myocardial sensitization to epinephrine by some anaesthetics or by myocardial tissue ischemia:
1. Tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.
2. Ventricular extrasystoles
3. Both
4. Neither
Epinephrine administration usually shortens the human AV nodal refractory.
1. True
2. False
Concerning epinephrine and myocardial automaticity:
1. Epinephrine increases myocardial automaticity described, for example, as non-pacemaker cells exhibiting pacemaker activity.
2. Enhancement of myocardial automaticity may be antagonized by agents such as propranolol, the β-adrenergic, nonselective blocker.
3. Both
4. Neither
Epinephrine-induced in ventricular arrhythmias: The likelihood of these arrhythmias may be enhanced as a result of reduced sinus rate and AV conduction secondary to increased vagal nerve activity.
1. True
2. False
Supraventricular arrhythmias may occur due to a combination of epinephrine action and cholinergic stimulation.
1. True
2. False
Consequence(s) of accidental IV administration of subcutaneous epinephrine doses:
1. PVCs (Premature ventricular contractions)
2. Multifocal ventricular arrhythmias/ventricular fibrillation
3. Pulmonary edema
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A & C
7. A, B & C