Lidocaine is less cardiotoxic than bupivacaine at equally-effective dose levels.

Bupivacaine blocks cardiac sodium channels during systole and dissociates from these channels more slowly compared to lidocaine during diastole.this property may contribute to bupivacaine cardiotoxicity.

Primary advantages of chloroprocaine include/includes:

Spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine is especially well-suited for outpatient/ambulatory surgical settings given its duration of action.

Choose correct statement(s) concerning benzocaine:

This local anesthetic is considered unique in the amino-amide agents given that not only does the compound exhibit a thiophene ring but also an additional ester group which is a substrate for plasma esterases.

This agent, used in dental anesthesia, has likely eclipsed lidocaine as the likely standard drug.

Large doses of chloroprocaine may be associated with extended sensory and motor block following epidural or subarachnoid administration. This effect has reduced the support for chloroprocaine clinical use.

Bupivacaine cardiotoxicity may also be mediated by the CNS given that bupivacaine injection to the medulla may induce malignant ventricular rhythm disorders.

Bupivacaine-choose the INCORRECT statement(s):