Chapter 8 · Module 9
Classification, adenosine as diagnostic tool, Wolff-Parkinson-White emergency, wide-complex tachycardia, and ablation outcomes
Supraventricular Tachycardia Classification and Adenosine Response
Atrioventricular Nodal-Dependent
Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia / Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia
Atrial Origin
Atrial Flutter / Focal Atrial Tachycardia
Critical Safety Rules
Wolff-Parkinson-White Emergency
Pre-Excited Atrial Fibrillation
Wide-Complex Tachycardia
Treat as Ventricular Tachycardia Until Proven Otherwise
Catheter Ablation -- Outcomes by Arrhythmia Type
| Arrhythmia | Procedure | Acute Success | Key Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia | Slow pathway modification (radiofrequency or cryo) | Over 95%; recurrence 1 to 3% | Class I guideline; cryoablation reduces complete atrioventricular block risk to below 0.1%; radiofrequency risk 0.5 to 1% |
| Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia / Wolff-Parkinson-White | Accessory pathway ablation | 93 to 95% overall; higher for left free wall pathways | Class I for symptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White; eliminates pre-excited atrial fibrillation risk; drugs cannot reliably achieve this |
| Typical atrial flutter | Cavotricuspid isthmus ablation | 95 to 97%; 90 to 95% at one year | Highest success rate of any ablation procedure; Class I for symptomatic typical flutter; rate control pharmacologically difficult |
| Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation | Pulmonary vein isolation | 60 to 80% at one year (single procedure) | Repeat procedures: 75 to 90%; persistent atrial fibrillation lower (40 to 60%); first-line in atrial fibrillation with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (CASTLE-AF) |
The Adenosine Rule and the Verapamil Rule
Adenosine terminates atrioventricular nodal-dependent tachycardias (atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia) and slows but does not terminate atrial tachycardias (flutter, focal atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation) -- this response is both therapeutic and diagnostic. Verapamil is contraindicated in any wide-complex tachycardia of uncertain origin: it causes cardiovascular collapse in ventricular tachycardia and can precipitate ventricular fibrillation in pre-excited atrial fibrillation. Treat wide-complex tachycardia as ventricular tachycardia until proven otherwise.