Clinical Cases  ·  Allergy and Immunology Vol. III  ·  Immune Hypersensitivity Disorders
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Allergy and Immunology

Immune Hypersensitivity Disorders

17 cases on colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever, periodic fever syndrome diagnosis before genetic confirmation, PFAPA treatment tradeoffs, drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions (infliximab, vasculitis, checkpoint-inhibitor colitis, vaccine angioedema), CRMO escalation, adult-onset Still's disease, VEXAS syndrome, CAPS/NOMID therapy selection by phenotype and age, IgG4-related disease, IVIG-resistant Kawasaki disease, anti-TNF-induced lupus, interferonopathy, and Schnitzler syndrome — choose a case below to open its full multi-voice debate.

Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
Colchicine-Resistant Familial Mediterranean Fever: Choosing the IL-1 Blocker

A pastry chef's colchicine-resistant FMF keeps producing subclinical inflammation between attacks. The choice is which IL-1 blocker actually fits her life.

Case 0001
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
Fevers Since Age Six: Treating Before the Genotype Comes Back

A college sophomore’s decade of unexplained fevers looks like TRAPS, not HIDS — but genetic testing is still six weeks out. The question is whether to wait.

Case 0002
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
PFAPA at Two Years In: When a Steroid That Works Is Still the Wrong Long-Term Plan

A four-year-old’s monthly PFAPA fevers respond instantly to a single steroid dose — but that same drug may be shortening the gap until the next one.

Case 0003
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
A Reaction Nine Days After Restarting Infliximab: What the Antibody Titer Actually Settles

A five-month gap in her Crohn’s infusions ended with fever, rash, and joint pain after retreatment. The lab that arrives days later reframes the whole decision.

Case 0004
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
Purpura After Two New Prescriptions: Waiting Out a Culprit That Won’t Name Itself

New leg purpura began after two drugs were started the same week. Neither can be cleared as the cause, and the lesions are still spreading two days after stopping both.

Case 0005
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
Rising Proteinuria in IgA Vasculitis: A Trial That Answered the Wrong Question for This Point in the Disease

A trial already showed early steroids don’t prevent HSP nephritis. It doesn’t say what to do three days into proteinuria that’s already climbing.

Case 0006
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
Grade 3 Colitis in Her Best Response Yet: Does Stopping Pembrolizumab Mean Losing It

Her melanoma is shrinking faster than any prior treatment. The immune colitis that came with it is now severe enough that resuming the drug is no longer a simple call.

Case 0007
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
Angioedema After Dose One: Testing First, or Just Splitting the Second Dose

She reacted to her first mRNA vaccine dose with facial swelling and throat tightness. On a biologic that makes vaccination especially important, waiting has its own cost.

Case 0008
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
A New Lesion on the Sacroiliac Joint Changes What “Escalation” Even Means

Four months of naproxen hasn’t stopped new bone lesions from appearing. A fresh one on her sacroiliac joint reopens the whole question of what disease this actually is.

Case 0009
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
A Ferritin of 14,500 Changes What “First-Line” Should Mean in Adult-Onset Still’s

New-onset Still's disease with a strikingly high ferritin raises the question of whether the traditional step-wise treatment ladder is still the safer choice.

Case 0010
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
VEXAS with a Clonal Marrow: When the Bone Disease and the Blood Disease Want Different Drugs

His UBA1-mutant marrow is driving both his transfusion-dependent anemia and his auricular chondritis. The two problems don’t obviously point to the same first drug.

Case 0011
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
Papilledema in a Nine-Month-Old: Why Convenience Isn't the First Question in Severe CAPS

His NOMID diagnosis came with active papilledema today. The trial evidence for each IL-1 blocker doesn’t split neatly between the two candidate drugs.

Case 0012
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
A Sausage-Shaped Pancreas and Poorly Controlled Diabetes: Rethinking First-Line Steroids

His new IgG4-related disease diagnosis usually starts with high-dose steroids. His diabetes control makes that standard first move a much costlier one for him specifically.

Case 0013
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
IVIG-Resistant Kawasaki Disease with a New Small Aneurysm: A Trial That Didn’t Quite Test This Patient

His fever never broke after the first IVIG dose, and his coronary arteries are already showing early change. The best trial comparing second-line options wasn't powered for a patient quite like him.

Case 0014
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
Six Weeks Off Etanercept, and the Serology Still Hasn’t Gotten the Message

Her anti-TNF-induced lupus was supposed to resolve once the drug stopped. Six weeks later, her complement is still low and her kidneys have joined the picture.

Case 0015
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
An Elevated Interferon Signature and a Failed Anakinra Trial: Choosing Which JAK Pathway to Block

Her autoinflammatory syndrome doesn't respond to IL-1 blockade, and her interferon signature points elsewhere. The two JAK-pathway drugs on the table have very different amounts of evidence behind them.

Case 0016
Allergy and ImmunologyImmune Hypersensitivity Disorders
A Year on the Urticaria Ladder Before Anyone Asked About His Bones

His hives partly responded to omalizumab. His fevers and bone pain never did — and those, not the rash, are what actually name his disease.

Case 0017
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